The building housing the Gallery of the Natural History Museum is one of the oldest buildings within the Belgrade Fortress. Scholars assume that it was erected at the end of the 18^th century, and it is charted in a Turkish map from 1840s. It is believed that this edifice, as a symbol of the transition from the Turkish and Balkan styles towards European architecture, was built for the purposes of the guards who guarded the main entrance that led to the Stambol Gate. 

Within the permanent exhibition, particularly attractive items are animal fossils from the Ice Age and the fossilized species that indicate that fifteen million years ago, the area of Belgrade was covered with the warm Pannonian Sea.